{"id":45,"date":"2020-01-29T20:14:47","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T20:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/?page_id=45"},"modified":"2023-02-01T17:57:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T17:57:10","slug":"criss-cross-row","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/criss-cross-row\/","title":{"rendered":"Criss-Cross Row"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"45\" class=\"elementor elementor-45\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a5b573 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a5b573\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-870c89b\" data-id=\"870c89b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4230a25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4230a25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"688\" src=\"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/031-scaled-e1597325072990-1024x688.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-157\" alt=\"Cantus sheet music with lyrics &quot;Christ&#039;s crosse be my speede, in all virtue to proeede...&quot;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/031-scaled-e1597325072990-1024x688.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/031-scaled-e1597325072990-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/031-scaled-e1597325072990-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/031-scaled-e1597325072990-1536x1033.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/031-scaled-e1597325072990.jpg 1651w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">From \"History of the Hornbook\" by Andrew Tuer, scanned by \u00a0ttscribe4.euston.archive.org and licensed under CC 1.0\u00a0<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-344b7d9\" data-id=\"344b7d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-558903f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"558903f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cfcdfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cfcdfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Christ\u2019s cross, and its many variants refer to the <strong>+<\/strong> preceding the alphabet on the lesson sheet. The cross in early times \u201cpledged the person making it by his faith as a Christian to the truth of what he signed\u201d (Tuer, 63). This placement led to the term \u201cChrist\u2019s cross\u201d or \u201ccriss-cross row\u201d being used to describe the beginning of learning. In literature, it is also a reference to the learning of the alphabet and the catechism.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29c06df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29c06df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec7621c\" data-id=\"ec7621c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78312c7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"78312c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M3,10.2c2.6,0,2.6,2,2.6,3.2S4.4,16.5,3,16.5s-3-1.4-3-3.2S0.4,10.2,3,10.2z M18.8,10.2c1.7,0,3.2,1.4,3.2,3.2s-1.4,3.2-3.2,3.2c-1.7,0-3.2-1.4-3.2-3.2S17,10.2,18.8,10.2z M34.6,10.2c1.5,0,2.6,1.4,2.6,3.2s-0.5,3.2-1.9,3.2c-1.5,0-3.4-1.4-3.4-3.2S33.1,10.2,34.6,10.2z M50.5,10.2c1.7,0,3.2,1.4,3.2,3.2s-1.4,3.2-3.2,3.2c-1.7,0-3.3-0.9-3.3-2.6S48.7,10.2,50.5,10.2z M66.2,10.2c1.5,0,3.4,1.4,3.4,3.2s-1.9,3.2-3.4,3.2c-1.5,0-2.6-0.4-2.6-2.1S64.8,10.2,66.2,10.2z M82.2,10.2c1.7,0.8,2.6,1.4,2.6,3.2s-0.1,3.2-1.6,3.2c-1.5,0-3.7-1.4-3.7-3.2S80.5,9.4,82.2,10.2zM98.6,10.2c1.5,0,2.6,0.4,2.6,2.1s-1.2,4.2-2.6,4.2c-1.5,0-3.7-0.4-3.7-2.1S97.1,10.2,98.6,10.2z M113.4,10.2c1.2,0,2.2,0.9,2.2,3.2s-0.1,3.2-1.3,3.2s-3.1-1.4-3.1-3.2S112.2,10.2,113.4,10.2z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ececc7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ececc7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acde38d\" data-id=\"acde38d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54aa868 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"54aa868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8253029 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8253029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\">The Christ-cross, criss-cross row, etc. has often been referenced in the classroom and in literature. Skelton (<em>Against Venemous Tongues<\/em>, 1528) says \u2013<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">\u201cFor before on your brest, and behind on your back<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">In Romaine letters I never founde lack;<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">In your <em>crosse row<\/em> nor Christ crosse you spede,<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">Your Pater Noster, your Ave, nor your Crede.\u201d<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">In Morley\u2019s <em>Introduction to Music<\/em> (1597), we find \u2013<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cChriste\u2019s crosse be my spede,<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In all virtue to proceed.\u201d<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ceb4d\" data-id=\"c2ceb4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dbb5cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0dbb5cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/044-1-scaled-e1597325577977-523x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-161\" alt=\"horn book with Christ&#039;s Cross in the corner\" srcset=\"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/044-1-scaled-e1597325577977-523x1024.jpg 523w, https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/044-1-scaled-e1597325577977-153x300.jpg 153w, https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2020\/08\/044-1-scaled-e1597325577977.jpg 623w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">At the top left of this Elizabethan hornbook, you can see the criss-cross row. From \"History of the Hornbook\" by Andrew Tuer, scanned by \u00a0ttscribe4.euston.archive.org and licensed under CC 1.0\u00a0<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From &#8220;History of the Hornbook&#8221; by Andrew Tuer, scanned by \u00a0ttscribe4.euston.archive.org and licensed under CC 1.0\u00a0 Christ\u2019s cross, and its many variants refer to the + preceding the alphabet on the lesson sheet. The cross in early times \u201cpledged the person making it by his faith as a Christian to the truth of what he &#8230; <a title=\"Criss-Cross Row\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/criss-cross-row\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Criss-Cross Row\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-45","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":371,"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45\/revisions\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibits.truman.edu\/hornbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}